Turkish Travel-Road Book-Holiday: İSTANBUL

Topkapı Palace Museum, İstanbul

After the conquest of Istanbul by Mehmed the Conqueror at 1453, construction of the Topkapı Palace was started at the year 1460 and completed at 1478 . Palace was built upon a 700.000 squaremeters area on an Eastern Roman Acropolis located at the Istanbul Peninsula between Sea of Marmara, Bosphorus and the Golden Horn. Topkapı Palace, was the administrative, educational and art center of the Empire for nearly four hundred years since Mehmed the Conqueror until Sultan Abdulmecid who is the thirty-first Sultan. Although Palace was abandoned by the Ottoman Dynasty by moving to the Dolmabahçe Palace at middle 19th century, Topkapı Palace was protected its importance everytime.

After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Topkapı Palace, was transformed into a museum at the date April 3th 1924 and it was also the first museum of the Republic of Turkey. Topkapı Palace Museum is covering approximately 400.000 squaremeters at the present day. Topkapı Palace divided from the city from the land-side by the Imperial Walls which is made by Mehmed the Conqueror. It divided from the city also from the sea-side by the Byzantine Walls. Topkapı Palace is one of the biggest palace-museums with its architectural structures, collections and approximately 300.000 archive papers.

There are surroundings like gardens and squares around the Palace. Palace which its Main Gate located at the Hagia-Sophia side, has four courtyards which has passages between them. At the first courtyard, Hagia-Irene Church which was used as Armory and the outer service buildings like Mint, Oven and Hospital were located there.

Second Courtyard was the Divan Square (Square of Justice) that hosting the administrative buildings fort the Empire. This courtyard was also a ceremonial courtyard. Divan-ı Hümayun (Kubbealtı / Imperial Council) and Treasury of the Divan-ı Hümayun were located on that courtyard. Behind the divan structure, there is the Tower of Justice which represents justice of the Sultan. Dormitory of the Halberdiers with Tresses and the Entrance of Harem were also located at this courtyard. There are also Privy Stable structures at the same side around an inner courtyard. At the Marmara side of the Courtyard of Justice, there are the Palace Kitchens and additional service buildings. Babüssaade (Gate of Felicity) where coronation, funeral and festival ceremonies held is located at the Northern side of the Courtyard of Justice

The third Courtyard (Enderun – Inner Palace) was the section that the Palace aghas were educated and assigned to high ranks of the State. It formed by the dormitories and the structures belongs to the Sultan. Hall of Audience where Sultan accepts viziers and ambassadors, Enderun Library which was constructed by the Sultan Ahmed III, Treasury of Enderun also known as Conqueror’s Pavilion, Privy Room (Chamber of Sultan) and the Aghas’ Mosque which was constructed for the Enderun aghas at the reign of Fatih are the important structures of this courtyard. Courtyard is surrounded by the Big and Small Room Wards, Expeditionary Force Ward, Pantries’ Ward, Treasure Ward and the Privy Room Ward which added to the Privy Room at the 19th century.

From the Privy Room, and the Enderun Courtyard, there are passages to the Imperial Sofa courtyard which hosts to the kiosks and gardens. At the Marble Terrace part of this courtyard, there are Revan and Baghdat Kiosks, Circumsision Room and the Iftaree Canopy. Under this terrace, there is a hanging flower garden which surrounded by wooden Sofa Kiosk and the Tower of the Chief-Physician. At the Marmara side of this garden, there are Sofa Mosque, Mecidiye Kiosk and Wardrobe Room. It also known that there are lots of kiosks and service structures at the Privy Gardens which surrounds the Palace in axis of Maramara, Seraglio-Point and the Golden Horn.

Museum is open everyday except Tuesdays.

Visit Hours

Winter Season: Between October 30th - April 15th

Museum, Harem and Hagia Irene can be visited between 9:00 AM - 4:45 PM as last entrance to the Museum 4:00 PM

Attention: Ticket booths close at 4:00 PM

Summer Season: Between April 15th - October 30th

Museum, Harem and Hagia Irene can be visited between 9:00 AM - 6:45 PM as last entrance to the Museum 6:00 PM

Attention: Ticket booths close at 6:00 PM

Museum visit information for the public holidays and religios festivals is at the table below

From Atatürk Airport:

You can go until Aksaray via metro line inside the airport. After reaching Aksaray, tram line can be used to reach to the Sultanahmet station. From Sultanahmet station, you can reach to the Topkapı Palace Museum by walking from the path in front of from Hagia Sophia Museum and Hürrem Sultan Bath

Arrival by Marmaray:

Sirkeci Station of the Marmaray is the nearest station to the Topkapı Palace Museum. From Sirkeci Station, you can reach in front of the Governorate of Istanbul. You can follow the path to the Gülhane entrance and can reach to the Topkapı Palace Museum by following the marks.

Arrival by Tram Line:

Gülhane station and Sultanahmet station are the nearest stations to the Topkapı Palace Museum.

From Sultanahmet station, you can reach to the Topkapı Palace Museum by walking from the path in front of from Hagia Sophia Museum and Hürrem Sultan Bath

From Gülhane station, you can follow the path to the Gülhane entrance and can reach to the Topkapı Palace Museum by following the marks.

March 07, 2018
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The Basilica Cistern, İstanbul

Basilica Cistern

One of Istanbul's magnificent historical constructions is the Basilica Cistern located on the south-west of Hagia Sophia. Built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. Justinian (527-565), this large underground cistern was named as the "Yerebatan Palace" among the public due to the marble columns rising from the water and seen as countless. When there is a Basilica in the place where the cistern is located, it is also known as the Basilica Cistern.

The cistern is a gigantic structure that covers a rectangular area of 140 meters in length and 70 meters in width. Covering a total area of 9.800 m2, this cistern has a water storage capacity of approximately 100.000 tons. There are 336 columns each of which is 9 meters high inside this cistern which is laid with a 52 step stone ladder. These columns, erected at intervals of 4.80 meters, bring 12 rows of columns, each containing 28 columns. It is understood that the majority of the columns are collected from the older structures, and a large part of the columns are marbled from various types of marble, consisting of one part and two parts. The titles of these columns, in places, have different properties. While 98 of them reflect Corint style, part of them reflect Dor style. The majority of the columns in the cistern, except for a few which are angular or grooved, are cylindrical. 8 columns in front of the northeastern wall towards the center of the cistern were exposed to the risk of fracture during a construction in 1955-1960, each of which was frozen in a thick layer of concrete and thus lost its former properties. The roof space of the cistern was transferred to the columns by means of arches. The brick-lined 4.80 m thick walls and brick paved floors were plastered with a thick layer of Khorasan, making them water-impermeable.

The Basilica Cistern, which occupied a large area in the Byzantine period and occupied the emperors' residence, meets the water requirement of the large palace and the other inhabitants of the region. The Basilica Cistern was used by the Ottomans for a while after the Ottoman conquest in 1453 and the gardens of the Topkapi Palace where the sultans sat.

It is understood that the Ottomans, who preferred the water in the place where the Islamic bases flowed instead of stagnant water for cleaning purposes, did not use it after building their own water facilities in the city. Until the middle of the 16th century it was noticed by the westerners until finally they came to Istanbul to investigate Byzantine remains in 1544-1550 It was rediscovered by the Dutch traveler P. Gyllius and introduced to the western world. P. Gyllius, in one of his investigations, traveled around the Hagia Sophia, where he learned from the large well-like large holes in the ground floors of the houses that his household members dug down and even held fish. A large underground cistern entered the cistern through a walled enclosed courtyard of a wooden building, a stone in the hands of a stepped stone stepping down into the ground. P. Gyllius, in very difficult conditions, walked around in the crotch chairs and picked up the measuring pads. Gyllius, whom he saw and traveled on his travels, influenced many travelers.

The cistern has passed through various repairs since its foundation. The first repair of the cistern, which was repaired twice in the Ottoman Empire period, was built by architect Kayseri Mehmet Aga at the time of Ahmet III (1723). The second reparation was made during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). In the Republican Period, the cistern was opened in 1987 by being cleared by the Municipality of Istanbul and by making a trip platform. In May of 1994, again a large cleaning and maintenance passed.

Medusa Head

Two Medusa Heads, used as pedestals under two columns on the northwest corner of the cistern, are the masterpieces of the Roman sculpture art. It is not known which structures the Medusa heads were brought to and brought here, attracting the most attention of the people visiting the cistern. Researchers often think that cranes are being brought into use only as a column shade during construction. Despite this view, some legends about the Medusa Head have been formed.

According to one legend, Medusa is one of three Gorgona, the female monster of the underworld in Greek mythology. Medusa, the snaked head of these three sisters, has the power to turn his ministers into stones. According to one opinion, Gorgona paintings and sculptures were used to protect the great buildings and private places at that time, and the placement of the head of Sarnica Medusa was also a factor.

According to another custom, Medusa was a girl who boasted with black eyes, long hair and beautiful body. Medusa loved Zeus' son, Perseus. In the meantime, Athena liked Perseus and envied Medusa. So Athena turned Medusa's hair into a snake. Everyone Medusa looked at was now turning into a stone. Later, Perseus cut off Medusa's head and took advantage of this power to defeat many enemies.

Based on this, the Medusa Head was placed in swords in the Byzantine sword and placed opposite the column bases (for ministers to cut the stone). According to a custom, Medusa looked to the side and turned herself to stone. Therefore, the sculptor who made this sculpture made Medusa in three different places according to the reflection of the light.

This mysterious place, which is an integral part of the Istanbul excursion program, has so far been made up of former US President Bill Clinton to Dutch Prime Minister Wim Kok, former Italian Foreign Minister Lamberto Dini, former ex-Prime Minister Görans Persson and former Austrian Prime Minister Thomas Klestil so many people visited.

At present, one of the subsidiaries of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Kültür A.Ş. Yerebatan Cistern, which is run by the Museum, is home to many national and international events as well as being a museum.

March 07, 2018
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Süleymaniye Mosque, İstanbul

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March 07, 2018
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Grand Bazaar, İstanbul

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HISTORICAL STYLE OF THE CLOSED BREAK

The Grand Bazaar, built by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, is a historical shopping square surrounded by shops covered with roofs and domes. The bedrock is the core of the great area, which in the historical name is "Çarşu-yı Kebir". The first bedestene that was built in 1460 was given the name of Cevahir and this burial was left to Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror to be given to Hagia Sophia. The Sultan then brought various shops and shopping centers to the center of commercial life.

Architectural Features of the Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar, founded in 1461, resembles a massive labyrinth with its aesthetic design. The historic shopping area with 60 streets and over 3600 shops covers a total area of 30,700 square meters. Istanbul can be expressed as a point of attraction in both tourism and commercial sense. At the first sight of the plaza exhibiting a complex structure with colored elements on the world, Cevahir Bedesten attracts attention. The bedesten, which has an architectural monumental appearance, is divided into 15 separate sections. Each episode has an appearance that is covered with a dome in itself. Inside the walls of the walls, small cells bounce. Sandal Bedesteni is surrounded by 50 dome designs. This decorative bedesten is one of the leading examples of Turkish architecture as dome designs. These two important bedesten mentioned are the inner qualities of the bazaar. In the past, two buildings are known for their thick inner iron bases. Traders in iron caskets; capital, savings and jewelery, as well as records and registration documents in LonCard.

Shops and Establishments in the Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar, which attracts attention with its wide crowd every hour of the day, houses many different local shops such as precious jewelery, weapons, antiques and eating and drinking. Names in the bazaar are sufficient for expressing the purpose of the place in advance.

Doors: Jewelers, Nuruosmaniye, Basketçihan, Takkeciler, Tavukpazarı, Zenneciler, Beyazıt, Çarşami, Çuhacihan and Mahmutpaşa.

Streets: Aga, Altuncular, Acisheme, Aynacılar, Basmacılar, Çuhacıhananı, Fesçiler, Hacıhasan, Hacıhüsnü, Yarplikçiler, Kalpakçılar, Karakol, Kavaflar, Kazazlar, Kolancılar, Furker, Lütfullahefendi, Mercantile, Particles, Painter, Sandal, Serpuççular, Varakçıhan, Yorgancılar, Yhanhasan, Zenneciler.

Hanlar: Ağa, Astarci, Bodrum, Cebeci, Çuhacı, İçcececi, Doors, Kaşıkçı, Kebabçı, Kızlarağası, Cistern, Sorguine, Yolgeçen, Zincirli and Evliya.

It is also possible to find various organizations in the bazaar where the product is offered for sale in the indoor bazaar of the Grand Bazaar. Health center, police station, branches of all banks and post office are among these institutions. The private security organization is an institution unique to the bazaar.

The Grand Bazaar, although it gives a complicated image impression, is actually a structure that works in full order. In the area between Ağa Street and Aynacılar Street at the entrance of the Çarşın, colored images of foreign currency and gold coins are noteworthy. Zincirli Han, known as the manufacturer of jewelery made, welcomes you when you go through Jeweler's Street. The Zincirli Han, built as a two-storey building, contains many elements that bear witness to the traces of history. There are small shops in the Cevahir Bedesten, who are amazed by its size, and those who are engaged in small handicrafts and artistic ornaments. Especially when you continue from the exit of Zenneciler Street, you will find an enormous image of calligraphers and antique shops. Here you can get a digital camera for your panoramic photographs.

When you come to the exit of the road, your opponent will come out of the Cebeci Han. Immediately adjacent to the Han there are impressive copperers. The artisans who continue to work without losing their old livelihood will be happy with their artistic work as well as their warm and pleasant conversation. After visiting many tourist routes in the Grand Bazaar, it is advised that you definitely come to Feraceklar Street. Here you can be assured that you will throw your day's fatigue away with the exuberant Turkish Turkish coffee.

Grand Bazaar's Working Days The Grand Bazaar, which hosts many local and foreign tourists every year, has been able to maintain its importance with its historical texture and artistic pieces that light the past. Apart from being a manufacturer, it succeeds in leaving an impressive impression on the sight of the shopkeeper, who is close to the canvas and also with his valuable hand labor activities. The Grand Bazaar is open every day on weekdays, and on weekends only on Saturdays between 08.30 and 19.00. It is closed on Sunday.

March 07, 2018
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Çırağan Palace, İstanbul

Çırağan Palace

There are some buildings, even if you look from the outside tell something. One of them is Çırağan, the legendary palace of the Ottoman Empire. This palace, which is the first eye pain of the Ottoman sultans who admire the European life among the Ottoman palaces, has a magnificent and sad story. The real name comes from the "çarağan" which means "lamp, light" in Persian. Although the Ottoman Empire witnessed the last period, the story actually dates back to the 17th century.

In the second half of the 16th century, there was a wooden chapel of Ottoman Captain Kılıç Ali Pasha at the place of today's Çırağan Palace. In the 17th century, flower gardens were established in this region and it is mentioned as "Kazancıoğlu Bahçeleri". Ibrahim Pasha, the grand vizier of the Tulip Revolution, Ahmed's brother, Fatma Sultan's wife, is made of wood. III. The most resplendent entertainments of Ahmed also take place in this palace which has spectacular gardens and scenery. Particularly at night, the lights and lamps illuminated by the lamps, and the adornments with flowers, make this place called "Çarağan".

II. In 1835, Mahmud destroyed the buildings beside the plain. Instead, the famous architects of the time, Garabet Balyan'a reflect the innovation and change, a synthesis of Western and Ottoman architecture is made of a magnificent palace. The life of this work ends with Sultan Abdulmecid's official residence in 1855, which he considers the Dolmabahçe Palace. In 1857 Sultan Abdülmecid destroyed the Old Cirali Palace and replaced it with a new palace building in Western style, but died without seeing its completion. Sultan Abdülaziz passes instead, the building of the palace changes completely. The new palace inspired by Eastern architecture and suitable for North African Islamic architecture is completed in 1871.

Gates under the Som

Each accessory of this palace, which is a gleaming, dazzling beauty, is specially constructed. In fact, the German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm tells him that he likes palace gates made of solid gold from a journey, and some of the gates are presented to him. Today it is also mentioned that these doors are exhibited in the Berlin Museum.

Sultan Abdul Aziz does not stay in Çirağ for too long. In 1876 it is reduced from the throne to V. Murad. V. Murad is a sultan who is educated in the Western style and has a musical talent. He plays the piano and composes in the style of both Western and Ottoman music. V. Murad, alleged to have lost his mental balance, is reduced from the throne and almost lives in prison until 1904 in the harem section of Çırağan, now known as Beşiktaş High School.

Becomes Big Ashes

II. With Abdulhamit's throne, the Çırağan Palace, like the Ottoman Empire, begins to lose its former glory. Even though the old moving and glorious days are left behind, the Çırağan Palace has become a place where the Sultan has spent the last days of the sultans who were removed from the saltan penthouses.

In 1909, it started to be used as a parliament building. However, on January 19, 1910, only the outer walls remained behind the burning sarcophagus within five hours of the fire that started with the roof of the flames coming out of the radiator pit. During the fire, the invaluable antiques in the palace, oil paintings and many valuable books and documents become ashes. So the silence that will last for years begins at the Çırağan Palace.

Saraydan 5 Star Hotele

The building was used by a French shepherd during the siege of Istanbul under the name "Bizo Kışlası". In the 1930s, the beautiful garden became the football pitch of Besiktas Club. Several attempts are made at different times to make the Çırağan Palace available again, but none will succeed.

When it comes to 1986, the adventure of transforming the Çırağan Palace into a 5-star hotel begins. The only 5-star hotel on the Bosphorus, built in 1990, in the name of "Çırağan Palace Kempinski Istanbul", right next to the old palace and in accordance with its architecture, opens. After two years of restoration work, the old palace department reopens its doors.

Of course there is a longer story than the one we talked about here. Throughout his history, he married columns, porticos and his haughty stance, saying "I am different" every time from the Bosphorus. Today, the Çırağan Palace, which leaves behind its sad stories, embraces its guests with all its glory.

Unknowns About Çırağan Palace

• The Çırağan Palace, which is composed of only the hotel and the palace today, houses a palace complex that was about 2 km long. It is a complex between Beşiktaş and Ortaköy, with haremi, selamlığı, outbuildings, separate sections for its employees and employees.

• Construction of the new palace built on 20 January 1863 will be completed in 9 years. Treasure-i Hassa for the palace is 2 and a half million pounds spent. Columns used in the palace are brought from North Africa.

• Today some of the lion sculptures in Dolmabahçe Palace actually belonged to Çırağan Palace. In 1855, the Sultan Abdülmecid lions who passed through Dolmabahçe Palace took him to Dolmabahçe Palace.

• Munevver Ayaşlı from the last Ottoman women, in the Dersaadet book, the cause of the sad events in the history of Çırağan Palace, Sultan II. Besiktas Mevlevi Dervish lodge near to the palace complex and Mahmud's palace building is connected to the palace complex and the sultan's tombs are taken to the custody of the court: "The palace, which has destroyed the Mevlevi dervish lodge and conquered the tombs of the saints, , and finally, the huge building caught up, and the graves at the bottom were brought to the fresh air and daylight. "

• Sultan Abdülaziz lives as an exile in the Feriye (second) part of Çırağan after he has been put to death and dies here. Though it was decided that Abdulaziz died on May 30, 1876, he had succumbed to the abdication of Abdulaziz, but common blood had been killed.

March 06, 2018
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Anatolian Castle, İstanbul

anadolu hisarı

March 06, 2018
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The Galata Tower, İstanbul

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It is estimated that the Galata Tower, which was once called Jesus Tower, was built at the beginning of the 500 AD, although not fully known. The oldest and most important work of the historical Galata region; The Romans, the Venetians, the Genoese and the Ottomans used them for different purposes.

Galata in Roman and Genoese Period

During the Romans period, Galata region was recorded as 13 out of 14 districts of Istanbul and was leaving in the neighborhoods. It is unclear exactly what date the first settlement began, but it certainly seems to be before the Romans.

It is written in the 44th century that the Great Constantine would like to be buried in Galata when he died. It was probably an important place at that time. In the 6th century, Justinian from the Roman emperors organized Galata. In the 13th century, a Genoese (Genoa) colony was established here. With the settlement of the Genoese, Galata became an autonomous region under the control of the Roman Empire. The Venetians, who are as good as the Genoese in maritime, came here and traded through the ports there.

The Genoese who came to Galata in 1200 years, an era when Rome was weakening, turned around the region around the city walls. Nevertheless, the warnings were taken seriously and some of the walls were later demolished, but they did not step back, and this time they built stone buildings from time to time. The famous Galata Tower, the main theme of our writing, has been built for surveillance at the highest place in the historic district. Their name, the Tower of Jesus ...

Galata Region in the Ottoman Period

For the Ottomans it was like an outer quarter, just like it was during the period of the Romans. This was one of the 4 regions of Istanbul (kadin, Eyüp, Üsküdar and Galata kadýlarý), ruled by kadýcý. I mean, she had a separate fate. After the conquest of 1453, the Genoese protected the rights of the people there. The young Fatih knew how much the Genoese and Venetians would deliver the region after the conquest of Istanbul.

However, the Ottomans were a bit distant from Galata. Both the state and the people did not see the Galata district "itself" until the 1800s. As a matter of fact, according to the researches, in the 1600s, 80% of the region's population was Christian. In Galata, which is divided into settlements within itself; There were 70 Greeks, 18 Muslims, 3 Franks, 2 Armenians and 1 Jewish neighborhood.

It is written that a forest covered with fig trees and a farm area full of milk-giving animals around Sütlüce - Kasımpaşa are written in front of Taksim and beyond. Nevertheless, it was often a region that is often referred to by its taverns and sanctuaries. In the following centuries Pera (Beyoğlu) shone with hotels and banks.

The world's oldest 3.metro line is also here. Opened on January 14, 1875, the tunnel line from Karaköy to İstiklal has a length of 575 meters.

Galata Tower (Jesus Tower)

The Galata Tower, according to estimates, was originally made by the Romans in 507, but its present form was given by the Genoese in 1348. The altitude is about 70 meters and the diameter is about 10 meters. It is estimated that the weight is 10 thousand tons.

1. The Genoese, who were estimated to have been built by Anastasius, placed a large Catholic cross. The crucifix on the top of the kulan, which was first referred to as the Tower of Christ before the Ottomans, was descended by Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror.

After the conquest of Istanbul, Galata Tower was used for different purposes during the Ottoman Empire period. In 1509, Istanbulites saw serious damages in the earthquake they called "Little Doomsday". He was restored by his great architect Hayrettin. During the reign of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent he was turned into prison. Prisoners working in Kasimpasa shipyard were kept here for a while. Towards the end of the 1500s an observatory was established here by Takıüddin Efendi. But Sultan Sultan 3. Murat later closed it by saying, "There is no worrying about the stars" because of the arrangement of ahalin "looking under the skirts of the angels".

In the first quarter of the 18th century Galata Tower began to be used as a watch tower against the endless fires of Istanbul. A fate of fate burned itself in the end of the same century, unfortunately. The Galata Tower, which had been burning again half a century later, added celebrators during the 3rd Lecture and the 2nd Mehmut period. We also know that the roof of a storm in Istanbul in 1875 was flying. Galata Tower, which has undergone a restoration in the Republican era, today serves as a restaurant and a viewing terrace.

Galata Tower Legends

There are 2 stories that stand out among Galata Tower legends: The legends about marriage and the Maiden's Tower. But before I get to them, I would like to point out that perhaps there is a new legend.

Professor Dr. İlber Ortaylı recently explained that Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi's flight to Galata Tower from Üsküdar was only a myth. It is a really ambitious statement about the information we think is correct to this day, but we can not assign it to Yoruba because Ilber Hodja is voicing it.

The Legend of the Oldest Galata Tower

Perhaps the most interesting legend among Galata Tower legends is the oldest one. According to this legend, the Romans believed in the following: If a woman and a man get married together for the first time in Galata Tower, they will absolutely get married ... But if one of the couples had already come to the tower (noticed by someone else or alone)

Galata Tower's legendary love

This myth is a fairytale story. According to this, Galata Tower and Maiden Tower are in love with each other. But it is also impossible to meet because of the incompetent throat. Day after day their aspirations are increasing. Then one day, Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi climbed the tower, flying from Europe to the Anatolian side. Not depending on the insistence of the Galata Tower, it is winged by taking the letters that the mankind has accumulated for centuries and leaving them to the Maiden's Tower when approaching the shore of Salacak. The letters blown by the wind reach the Maiden's Tower with the help of the waves. The Tower of the Girl who understands that love is not free is more beautiful after letters. At this point, Galata Tower understands that love is not one-sided. These emotions, which the couple feels against each other, allow them to challenge each other for centuries ...

The Story of Galata Walls

Finally, I want to talk about the Galata fortifications, which have little information about them and are no longer in place. Called Hristos Walls in its time, 3 of these walls are on the land side and 1 on the sea side. Entrances and exits to the neighborhood were built from 12 different doors. The fact that 9 of these are in the direction of the sea supports Galata as a port city.

It is estimated that the walls of Galata, which are thought to be about 14 kilometers from the beginning, have a height of 10m - 12m. It is known that the last remains were destroyed in 1864.